| 1 |
Leaves all simple, margin entire or toothed, sometimes
shallowly lobed, but not more than half the width of the leaf |
2 |
| + |
Leaves compound, 1-5 x ternately or pinnately
divided or, if simple, then very deeply lobed or basal (see Pimpinella) |
5 |
|
|
|
| 2 |
Leaves and bracts spinous toothed; flowers in
compact heads sessile on a whorl of bracts |
Eryngium |
| + |
Leaves and bracts not spinous toothed; flowers
in distinct umbels |
3 |
|
|
|
| 3 |
Plants of dry habitats with erect to ascending stems;
leaf margins entire; umbels compound |
Bupleurum |
| + |
Plants of damp habitats with creeping stems rooting
at nodes; leaves lobed or not, margins crenate or serrate; umbels simple |
4 |
|
|
|
| 4 |
Bracts absent; dorsal ribs of fruit prominent,
lateral ones obscure |
Hydrocotyle |
| + |
Umbels sheathed by small bracts; lateral ribs
of fruit as prominent as the dorsal, much wrinkled |
Centella |
|
|
|
| 5 |
High altitude plants (>3800m) with
well developed erect stems; umbels with flowers densely crowded into
globose heads; flowers dark brown; fruit 5-angled in cross-section |
Haplosphaera |
| + |
Low to high altitude plants, stems tall and robust to
almost absent;
umbels not globose; flowers white, yellow, greenish
or purplish; fruit variously winged or ornamented |
6 |
|
|
|
| 6 |
Glabrous annuals; umbellules much reduced to 2–3 flowers;
pedicels very short, unequal |
Pternopetalum |
| + |
Glabrous or hairy, annuals or perennials; umbellules
many- (>5-) flowered; pedicels not as above |
7 |
|
|
|
| 7 |
Marshland plants, stems usually weak and fleshy;
bracteoles several, linear; fruit ovoid-ellipsoid, lateral ribs thick and
corky |
Oenanthe |
| + |
Plants of usually drier habitats, stems not weak
and fleshy; bracteoles present or absent; fruit variously shaped and ornamented,
but ribs not thick and corky |
8 |
|
|
|
| 8 |
Erect aromatic herbs (celery scented), 30-60cm tall;
umbels
subsessile, often leaf-opposed in the upper half of the stem |
Apium |
| + |
Erect to dwarf plants, scented or not; umbels distinctly
pedunculate
or sometimes sessile in rosette plants |
9 |
|
|
|
| 9 |
Mature or semi-mature fruit present |
10 |
| + |
Flowers or young fruit only present |
46 |
|
|
|
| 10 |
Fruit ornamented with papillae, hairs, bristles
or spines |
11 |
| + |
Fruit smooth, glabrous |
19 |
|
|
|
| 11 |
At least outer fruits of umbellule covered with stiff
bristles
or spines |
12 |
| + |
Fruits covered with soft hairs or papillae |
14 |
|
|
|
| 12 |
Fruit long and narrow, thickened above, pointed
at base, covered with upwardly pointing fine bristles, densest at base |
Osmorhiza |
| + |
Fruit ovoid to ovoid-ellipsoid, covered with spines
or stiff spreading bristles |
13 |
|
|
|
| 13 |
Almost glabrous woodland perennials; leaves palmately
divided; calyx teeth subulate |
Sanicula |
| + |
Hairy annual weeds; leaves 1-3 x pinnately divided;
calyx teeth minute |
Torilis |
|
|
|
| 14 |
Ultimate segments of leaves linear, filiform,
usually <0.5mm broad |
15 |
| + |
Leaflets or ultimate segments of leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate,
>0.5mm broad |
16 |
|
|
|
| 15 |
Bracts and bracteoles 3-lobed at apex, semi-cartilaginous;
calyx teeth subulate, conspicuous |
Cuminum |
| + |
Bracts and bracteoles entire, membranous; calyx
teeth obsolete |
Trachyspermum |
|
|
|
| 16 |
Dwarf perennials, acaulescent with erect peduncles;
leaves mostly basal, pinnate, linear-lanceolate in outline, ultimate segments
oblong-lanceolate O.5-1mm broad; fruit with dense white hairs |
Semenovia |
| + |
Caulescent, stems usually leafy; leaflets or ultimate
segments of leaves ovate-oblong to suborbicular, 5mm or more broad; fruit
papillate or sparsely hairy |
17 |
|
|
|
| 17 |
Small to medium-sized perennials usually <1m
tall; fruits slightly laterally compressed, unwinged, papillate |
Pimpinella |
| + |
Medium to large-sized perennials often >1m
tall; fruits greatly dorsally compressed with distinct lateral
wings,
sparsely hairy, glabrous when mature |
18 |
|
|
|
| 18 |
Bracts absent or few, early falling; bracteoles
linear |
Heracleum |
| + |
Bracts and bracteoles numerous, large, lanceolate-ovate,
persistent |
Tordyliopsis |
|
|
|
| 19 |
Fruits greatly dorsally compressed, main body
almost flat and disc-like, or all ribs winged |
20 |
| + |
Fruits subterete or sometimes slightly compressed
(including
Anethum) |
27 |
|
|
|
| 20 |
Dorsal ribs of fruits with wings about as broad
as those on the lateral ribs |
21 |
| + |
Dorsal ribs of fruit prominent but not winged |
23 |
|
|
|
| 21 |
Plants >30cm tall with slender erect stems; flowers dark
purple |
Cnidium |
| + |
Plants <30cm tall, acaulous or shortly stemmed, <30cm
tall; flowers usually white or tinged purple |
22 |
|
|
|
| 22 |
Fruit rectangular-ellipsoid to suborbicular in outline,
truncate at ends, asymmetric with one mericarp having the 2 outer
dorsal ribs winged and only the central rib winged on the other |
Cortiella |
| + |
Fruit oblong-ellipsoid, rounded to obtuse at ends, all
dorsal ribs equally winged |
Cortia |
|
|
|
| 23 |
Bracts linear to lanceolate, usually entire (rarely
3-toothed); fruits ovoid to suborbicular, dark between ribs, but not with
well defined lines (vittae), lateral ribs narrowly winged |
24 |
| + |
Bracts usually absent or lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate,
usually entire; fruits ovoid to obovoid, with distinct dark lines (vittae)
between ribs, lateral ribs broadly winged |
25 |
|
|
|
| 24 |
Leaves glabrous above; vittae in fruit usually
1
per dorsal furrow, 2–3 per lateral furrow and 4–6 on inner (commisural)
face |
Selinum |
| + |
Leaves hairy above; vittae in fruit at least 2
per dorsal furrow, at least 3 per lateral furrow and at least 6 on
inner face |
Ligusticum |
|
|
|
| 25 |
Bracts and bracteoles numerous, large,
lanceolate-ovate, persistent |
Tordyliopsis |
| + |
Bracts few or absent, bracteoles linear, often
early falling |
26 |
|
|
|
| 26 |
Plants aromatic; vittae extending the full length
of the fruit, fruit often notched at both ends |
Angelica |
| + |
Plants not aromatic; vittae usually not extending
the full length
of the fruit, fruit rounded to truncate at the ends |
Heracleum |
|
|
|
| 27 |
Cultivated annuals (or short-lived perennials) sometimes
weedy; leaves pinnatisect into linear segments; bracteoles absent;
fruit somewhat dorsally compressed, very narrowly winged |
Anethum |
| + |
Annuals and perennials, weedy or not; leaf segments
and bracteole combination not as above; fruit not dorsally compressed,
usually subterete and rounded on the outer face |
28 |
|
|
|
| 28 |
Leaves simply pinnate; fruit globose to ovoid-oblong,
prominantly 5- or 10-ribbed |
29 |
| + |
Leaves finely 2–3 x pinnately divided (but see
also Pleurospermum angelicoides); fruit various |
31 |
|
|
|
| 29 |
Plants fibrous at base; fruit, 5-ribbed |
Physospermopsis |
| + |
Plants with papery leaf remains at base; fruit
5- or 10-ribbed |
30 |
|
|
|
| 30 |
Calyx teeth present; stylopodium domed, not flanged;
fruit 5-ribbed |
Keraymonia |
| + |
Calyx teeth obsolete; stylopodium flat-domed with
a thick rim wider than the ovary; 10-ribbed |
Chamaesium |
|
|
|
